Peach trees are normally associated with warmer temps in the south. Pennsylvania Amish country is about the furthest north that you’ll find commercial peach orchards.
I joked a while back that with climate change, we’ll finally be able to grown Peaches up here in Northern New England. It turns out, there are already a number of cold-hardy peach tree varieties that are grown in zone 4, but it takes a bit of work to get them to fruit.
While some peach varieties may be hardy to zone 4, there’s a big difference between survival hardy and fruiting hardy. While the peach trees are hardy to zone 4, the flower buds aren’t quite so resilient.
To harvest peaches in zone 4, the trees must be planted where they’ll be kept cold in the early spring. Ideally, somewhere that has spring shade and heavy snow cover, but strong summer sun.
Our local fruit nursery here in Central Vermont says that you’ll need good luck to harvest peaches north of Southern Vermont. For the best changes, they suggest planting peaches “in a well-drained location where the soil will be shaded from winter sun but the tree top will be in full sun during the growing season. The cold soil in spring will delay flowering and help protect them from frost damage. Protect the trunks from the warm southwest sun in winter that can cause injury.”
In our location, there is spring shade on the north side of our workshop before the sun angle changes in the late spring and rises above the peak. The steep roof provides plenty of snow cover, meaning the soil temperatures will remain cold long into the spring.
Both of these characteristics make that an ideal planting location for northern peaches. The peaches will break bud late, meaning that they’ll avoid the late spring frosts and have a better chance of setting fruit.
Now that we have a suitable site selected, it’s time to find a cold-hardy peach variety that will not only survive but hopefully bear fruit on our cold northern homestead.
Cold Hardy Peach Varieties for Zone 4
For a long time, the “go to” peach for cold climates was Reliance. While it was the most dependable, the peaches weren’t the best quality. Breeding efforts have come a long way, and there are now a number of choices for zone 4 peach varieties.
Most local nurseries still haven’t caught up, and the ones around here only sell Reliance and Contender. Given a choice, go with Contender unless you’re in the coldest spots. The peaches are of much better quality.
- Reliance – As the name suggests, this is one of the most reliable peach varieties for cold climates. It’s rated to zone 4, but some sources say that the cold hardiness of this variety is exaggerated.
It’s also rated to produce a “medium quality” peach, meaning that it’s not going to live up to all your peachy expectations. Freestone and ripens late July.
- Madison – Rated to zone 4, and reputedly of better quality than Reliance but still not the best. The fruit is a bit fibrous, though flavorful. Ripens in mid-August.
- Contender – Rated to zone 4, and of better quality than both Reliance and Madison. Freestone and ripens in late July.
- Blushingstar – This zone 4 hardy peach is small but flavorful. They’re only about 2.5 inches in diameter, but they have a sweet and fragrant white flesh.
Said to be a good keeper, at least for longer than most peaches. This is a relatively new variety, introduced in 1996. Freestone and ripens in Mid-August.
- Intrepid– Hardy to zone 4, with exceptionally frost-resistant flower buds. Some sources say that this variety can withstand a hard frost even in full bud.
Good flavor, and great for baking. Ripen in August and produce a medium-sized peach with firm flesh.
Other Cold Hardy Peach Trees
While there are only a few peach tree varieties that are hardy to zone 4, a number of others are good candidates in the warmest zones. They have special characteristics such as a late-blooming tendency that makes them worth a try with the right site preparation.
- Veteran – Rated to zone 5, but this peach variety blooms very late in the spring. That means with a little extra winter protection and mulching, it may stand a chance. This peach is freestone and richly flavored, making it worth the effort.
- Harrow Diamond – Rated to zone 5 and of excellent quality. This is an early peach, ripening in early July right alongside home-grown raspberries. The flesh has a strong red blush, making them a beautiful sight on the tree.
- Red Haven – Zone 5 peach with very low fuzz and creamy flesh. Blooms late to avoid frosts. Freestone and ripens in late July.
If you’ve had success growing peaches in zone 4 (or colder) I’d love to hear about it. Leave a note in the comments below.
Joe Forshaw
I am an English man living with my wife and son here in retirement in the Philippines. Of course it was too cold to grow peaches in the UK and its too hot for them here in the tropics. Your article interested me greatly having tried to grow fruit wherever I have been living. When I lived a couple of years in Canada nearly 50 years ago I noticed and enjoyed the peaches growing in the Niagara peninsula. Did you know about that? The growers told me it was possible because of being surrounded by water. The apples there were delicious too but I really crave for the Cox’s Orange Pippin Apple’s I used to grow in the garden in England. Even the postman used to enjoy one every morning!!!!
Ashley Adamant
Yes! Here in Vermont, they grow peaches right along Lake Champlain. The water moderates the winter cold spells and creates a local very small section of zone 5. We were hoping our pond would have the same effect, but it’s so sunny by the pond and it melts out early in the spring. Those peaches will bud early and those tender buds will get frost killed. Oh well, so much for that idea on our land.
I’m sorry you can’t grow peaches in the Philippines. My mom keeps trying to grow cherries in the Mojave Desert by putting ice blocks on the ground mid-winter. She’s hoping that it’ll give enough chill hours to the soil, but no luck yet. That’s one idea to try in the Philippines if you’re really devoted to the idea of having peaches.
We have a Cox Orange Pippin in our orchard and it’s one of my very favorites =)
Peter Fisher
We have been growing peaches here in Iowa, northern part of zone 5. For 10 years. We have Reliance, contender, Canadian harmony, Madison (3 yrs old), fat lady, and star fire. We have not lost a tree due to cold. Our problem is a winter cold snap that kills the fruiting buds so they don’t even bloom. Last winter we had one night of 21 below. The Reliance produced a full crop, but nothing else bloomed. Previously 25 below had been enough to do in even the reliance. A few degrees below zero was not a problem for any of the trees but we haven’t had a test of 10 or 15 below to know which trees would still bloom at those temps.
Donald Walker
Had -23°F this winter. Lost all fruit buds. Have white fleshed peaches here in zone 5 southeast Wisconsin. May try Intrepid peaches peaches but the really flavorful peaches get peach leaf curl around here. On the wrong side of Lake Michigan for winter protection. Have doughnut peaches and i believe a young blushingtar. Lost fruit buds on both varieties completely. Going to switch to apricots especially wilson delicious and goldcot
Chris
I would deffinately grow and love apricots but I m also looking for that peach or the right spot to grow it in to get a nice summer peach. Good luck.
Scott W Reed
I live in zone 4,eastern most maine. I have 2 five or 6 year old contender peach trees. trees haven’t lost any flowers in spring due to frost but they seemed smallish.last year was first time we had fruit . though they were very small they still ripened and were tasty.same small peaches this year . I dont know why the fruit is not growing more as they have plenty of sun and water.i also have a very healthy Santa rosa plum peach combination that is 4 years old.it flowered well but the plums all fell of and only one peach remains. any ideas on that ? thanks !
Ashley Adamant
Ours drop fruit too sometimes, and it’s usually in hot summers with little rain. Beyond that, I don’t have any ideas. Good to know yours are doing well in zone 4 Maine!
Ed
I live in Illinois zone 5b southwest of Chicago. Have tried Reliance, Intrepid, and Madison. Have had best luck with Reliance. Only year I lost buds on all trees was 2012 due to several 80F days in March followed by one day of prolonged 27F in April. Certain years that reach well below -20F kill all of my peaches forcing me to re-plant (probably every 4-5 years or so). Jan 2019 we had three day-long period of sub-20F (low -27F) and the recently established Madison on Krymsk 56 rootstock with a 4 inch diameter trunk died but Reliance of the same size remains unaffected. Being a home gardener with limited winter shadow space, my trees are always in the sun so I could probably do better with guarding. BTW I think the Reliance is an excellent tasting peach.
Jerald Bell
Billings, MT (Zone 4b) – Flamin’ Fury PF-24C (cold-hardy) was classified by the originator Paul Friday as zone 4, but i saw one place that sold it as a zone 5, interestingly. Anyway, it has been a vigorous grower here in cold SouthCentral Montana (-30°F) and i have definitely pruned it more than 30% each year, and it still grows like gangbusters to the point i’ve had to prune shoots that come out of nowhere centrally – right in the middle of Summer. This is its 4th year growing and it had its first bloom, with one peach ripe at ~134 days. (Bloomed on 4/29/20). I definitely think it is more cold hardy than Reliance or China Pearl (both died here). Contender has been hit or miss with late Spring Freezes zapping the buds most years (one year on May 13th, I believe. There was definitely a tear shed that day lol). But this year i have about 14 ready probably on Sept. 24 (148 days), although definitely some years it’s been none. I’m sticking with the pf-24c as it hasn’t been bothered by the cold one bit so far (fingers crossed).
Administrator
That’s good to know Jerald. Thank for sharing.
Lauren St.Germain Kidd
WE live in New Vineyard, Maine, a solid zone 4.
We grow Reliance peaches and Early Elberta successfully!
All of our 6 trees have been in the orchard for at least 4 years, maybe longer.
I hope this is helpful.
Lauren
Administrator
That’s wonderful Lauren. Thanks for sharing.
Mary Wambolt
looking for peaches (other than contender) which will survive in SE Montana (mostly zone 4)…I will try the Reliance.
Yael Hickok
All this talk of hardy peaches sounds intriguing! Are they grown on their own rootstock, or grafted?
Ashley Adamant
These are all grafted so they come true to variety, but generally, stone fruits come pretty true to seed. If you got a seed from a contender peach you could likely grow it and it’d be very similar to the parent (unlike apples, which don’t come true to seed).
Doug
I’ve been researching growing a peach tree in Calgary (Zone 4a). I’m thinking either a dwarf Contender or dwarf Flamin’ Fury PF-24C. I’d plant it on the SE side of my garage and grow it in a flat plane (espalier) so that I could protect it from spring sun with a cover. I’m hoping the cover and proximity to the concrete slab and outside wall of the unheated garage may also help moderate some of the cold temperatures we can sometimes get here.
Any thoughts on the idea?
Administrator
That sounds like a good plan. Let me know how it works out for you.
Gord Jackson
There are commercial peach orchards well north of Pennsylvania – the entire province of Ontario does exist with many commercial peach orchards as well as all of British Columbia. Americans….
JC Smith
Coastal BC is very temperate so I’m sure you can grow peaches there. The southern most part of Ontario is literally at the same latitude as a lot of Pennsylvania so it only makes sense that peaches can grow there. All of Canada is not north of all of the US and all of Canada is not colder than all of the US. There are a lot of factors that go into zones.
steve bossie
i just planted a contender peach in a protected spot in z4a northern Maine. ill comment back here to let you know how it goes.
Administrator
Yes, please let us know how it’s doing.
Paul
Hi,
I planted a bare root veteran dwarf peach 3 years ago in Morden, Manitoba, Canada. We have a zone 4a climate. I have a nice crop of medium to large yellow red peaches that are almost ready to harvest. I protect from wind chill in winter.
Paul
Anita
Could I have more info on how you protect from wind chill?
Sheldon
What many people don’t realize about the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario Canada, is that even though it’s in Canada (often thought to be the Arctic to many in the south) much of Ontario and especially the Niagara region, is well south of many US states. In fact it will shock most to realize that the southern most parts of Ontario are as far south a Northern California. Look at a map and you will see just how far south Ontario really is. The region shares a similar climate to Northern California which also explains why both are great wine making areas.
Clinton M
Located in southern Minnesota which is Zone 4B.
I’ve successfully been growing apricots on Manchurian rootstock and realize the absolutely critical nature of avoiding winter sun-scald, keeping the tree dormant in the spring as long as possible, PLUS having a late-as-possible blossom time.
Now I’m ready to try peaches.
APPRECIATE this blog… it’s helpful as well as confirming some of my thoughts on how to set this up.
Biggest question of the moment. What is a strong rootstock to use? I’d like that strong winter hardiness as well as a medium sized tree, 12-15 feet tall.
The plan is to graft a couple with scions from Reliance, Contender, and maybe that Flamin’ Fury PF-24C. That would be 6 trees, some diversity and an interesting test.
Any strong feelings on a quality, proven rootstock to graft to?
Thank you in advance!
Administrator
Here is a post about grafting that has some suggestions on rootstock that might help. Let us know if you have any other questions.
Clinton M
I would like to check it out, but there is no link to the post. – Thank you.
Administrator
You should see the link now posted above.
Clinton M
You mention “a post about grafting that has some suggestions on rootstock”
Can you please post the link? Thank you.
Administrator
I’m so sorry about that. That would be helpful wouldn’t it? Here’s the link. https://practicalselfreliance.com/grafting-fruit-trees/
Clinton M
Thank you! Appreciated. 🙂
Administrator
You’re very welcome.
Erik
I planted a Contender in the spring of 2020. It didn’t have any blossoms until late spring of 2023. I live in Minnesota in zone 4B. I now have cute little baby peaches growing. I thinned them when they were around the size of a dime. So I have them about every six inches. It is now the end of July and the fruit are still very small. About the size of a golfball. What is the size they should attain before harvesting? Thanks for any information yo can share. Erik
Administrator
They can really be any size as long as they are ripe.
Clinton M
Are you watering them? It’s been dry here in Minnesota.
Administrator
If they are well established then they should be ok but it certainly doesn’t hurt to water them if it’s dry especially if they look like they’re struggling.
Erik
I’ve been watering them quite a bit since spring. Maybe it’s a matter of it being the trees first year producing blossoms?
peg willey
Ashley- enjoy your blog, which I just found!
Looking for peach information, I saw this 4 minute video from a fellow in Alberta – interesting way of successfully growing peaches. Not sure it is cold enough here any more, but could possibly find the spot in some niche, or using shrubs or fence to make it work. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvDu1EviOnU
Charles
There’s also Frsot peach – zones 5-9. We have two here about 100 miles north of Seattle (zone 7B) and they are womderful. https://raintreenursery.com/products/frost-peach-tree-semi-dwarf
Administrator
Thanks for sharing.