Reishi mushrooms are one of the easiest mushrooms to identify, and a great place to start for beginning mushroom foragers.  They have no poisonous look alikes, so they’re relatively safe as well.  Though reishi are generally too tough to eat, their medicinal properties have been well documented.

There are a number of different species, and each grows in a different region around the world.  For the most part, their medicinal properties are the same and there is some argument that they’re actually the same species occupying different habitat niches.

All species grow on dead and dying trees, and produce annually.  Once you find reishi on a particular log or stump, they will continue to produce there every year until they’ve consumed all the wood substrate. 

Reisi are also known by the names lingzhi, mushroom of immortality, ten-thousand year mushroom, herb of spiritual potency, varnish shelf and artists conk.

Reishi Mushroom Species

Ganoderma lucidum – Is the species used in traditional Chinese medicine.  It grows on hard wood (especially oaks) in warmer regions, such as Asia, the south pacific, southern Europe and the southeastern united states.

Ganoderma tsugae – Found in the Northeastern United States, the species name “tsugae” means “hemlock tree” which tells you where you should begin looking for this species.  Though it’s almost always found on hemlock, it can occasionally be found on birch or maple if they were growing close to hemlock.  They can be found freshest between May and July.  This species is also known as hemlock varnish shelf.

Ganoderma applanatum – A particularly hard and woody reishi species, varying in size from 2 to 30 inches wide.  Color is duller than others, and lacks a lustrous shine.  Very difficult to cut, and often must be cut with a saw into strips for drying.  This species is an opportunist and can be found on many different tree species, both hard and soft wood.

Ganoderma curtisii – Distributed from Massachusetts to Nebraska, this species has an especially dramatic ochre colored cap, that dulls as the mushroom ages.  It has a matte rather than lacquered finish on its cap.  Found on hardwood, usually oak or maple, but occasionally other hardwoods as well.

Ganoderma sessile – A red shiny species that grows 3 to 16 inches across.  The flesh is very soft and bendable, and unlike other species, if damaged the outer growth margin will produce a sap like resin.  Found on hardwood, usually oak or maple, but occasionally other hardwoods as well.

Ganoderma oregonense – As its name suggests, this species is native to the pacific northwest where it grows on conifers.  The fruiting body is very large and can be up to a meter across.

Other species include: Ganoderma lingzhi, Ganoderma capense, Ganoderma carnosum and Ganoderma resinaceum.

Reishi Mushroom Identification

The mushroom itself is kidney or fan shaped and has a distinctive red to orange color, and a shiny lacquered finish on the top.  It’s a polyspore, so it lacks gills, but the underside is white (or tan or grey in older specimens) and has pin prick like dots.  The flesh on the underside develops a brown/tan bruise when pressed.  Only harvest fresh mushrooms with white undersides as they can potentially harbor dangerous molds when the mushrooms are past their prime or bruised and damaged.

They vary in size from an inch wide to a foot wide, and can be as much as 2 inches thick.  More commonly, they’ll be 4 to 6 inches wide and 1/2 inch to 1 inch thick.

New growth on the leading edge comes in as white and gradually changes to red orange.  Young mushrooms that are rapidly growing may be mostly white as they emerge from the wood.  The bright red orange cap that is characteristic of hemlock reishi will come as they mature. 

As reishi get older, their flesh becomes tougher and the bright cap begins to dull.  Second year mushrooms are very fibrous and have lost their shine, and no longer have the same potent medicinal properties.

Reishi grow horizontally out of their host log, often with a very short or non-existent stem.  They have a strong but pleasant woodsy scent, a bit like decomposing leaf mulch. 

Spores emerge from the bottom side of the mushroom, and on logs where they’re growing one above the other you’ll see spores released by the upper mushrooms dulling the caps of the mushrooms below.  The spore print in all species is brown.

Poisonous Reishi Mushroom Look-Alikes

Reishi mushrooms have no no poisonous look alikes, making them ideal for the beginning mushroom forager.  While it’s sometimes hard to distinguish between species of reishi mushroom, all reishi species are used in the same way.  The fine distinctions between species are more academic than practical.

Be sure to only use fresh first year reishi mushrooms with bright caps and white undersides.  As the mushrooms age the underside grows darker, turning tan or brown and the cap dulls.  Older reishi mushrooms can harbor potentially harmful molds and should not be consumed.

Harvesting Reishi Mushrooms

Be sure that the pore surface on the underside is white, ensuring that the mushroom is a young specimen.  Reishi can either be gently pulled from the tree host, or cut with a knife in softer specimens.  Reishi grow at the base of trees near the ground, and often grow around plants found growing nearby.  Be sure that the mushroom you harvest hasn’t grown around any toxic plants, especially poison ivy which can sometimes be found nearby.

Adverse Reactions to Reishi

Be careful taking reishi if you’re on other medication, especially medicine that affects the liver.  There have been some rare but documented allergic reactions, involving skin rash and stomach upset, all of which stopped when reishi was discontinued.

Storing Reishi Mushrooms

Reishi mushrooms spoil quickly after harvest unless they’re promptly dried.  They will keep in a paper bag in the refrigerator for 3-5 days, but are best when they’re promptly cut into thin strips and dried.  Dried reishi mushrooms should be stored in an airtight container out of direct sunlight. They can also be chopped and tinctured directly after harvest.

Reishi Mushroom Medicinal Properties

In a class of medicines known as Adaptogens, reishi mushrooms help you to adapt to cope with physical and mental stresses.  It’s best taken daily over an extended period, as it often takes a few weeks for reishi to build up in your system to have a positive impact.

They’re known to be analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-allergic and anti-tumor.  Reishi mushrooms have also been shown to reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood sugar and reduce platelet aggregation that results in blood clots.  It’s effects on blood sugar were significant enough that it has been successfully used in the treatment of diabetes.  

The antioxidant activity of compounds found in reishi mushrooms seem to target free radicals responsible for aging, and reishi helped reverse the affects of aging in lab mice.  Reishi works to protect and strengthen the liver, and has been successfully used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.  

The cancer fighting properties of reishi mushrooms are well documented in scientific literature.  Reishi doesn’t seem to fight cancer cells outside the body in tissue cultures, suggesting that the main anticancer effects are achieved by strengthening a person’s immune system and helping their body fight off the cancer rather than attacking the cancer directly.

Reishi mushrooms are most commonly made into a strong tea by simmering thinly sliced mushrooms for extended periods (1 to 2 hours).  The medicinal components of reishi can also be extracted in an alcohol based tincture.  The dried mushroom powder can also be put into reishi capsules and taken as a daily immune boosting supplement.

Cooking Reishi Mushrooms

Though often too tough and woody to eat, they are technically edible.  If you’d like to try eating one, harvest a very young mostly white growing tip just after it comes out of the log or stump.  Dice it finely and sauté.  I imagine you’ll be unimpressed, but give it a try.

Cultivating Reishi Mushrooms

If you have dead oak logs of stumps available, try growing your own by inoculating with reishi dowel plugs.  I have not been able to find hemlock reishi spores or plugs online, but I have had success placing a freshly harvested hemlock reishi on top of a freshly cut hemlock stump.  Our stump produced mushrooms the following year and has continued to be productive.

Mushroom Foraging References

For more information on foraging reishi mushrooms, try any of these references:

The complete Mushroom Hunter by Gary Lincoff

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Mushrooms

Mushrooming without Fear

Mushrooms of the Upper Midwest

Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest

Mushrooms of New England and Eastern Canada

Mushrooms of the Midwest to New England

This post first appeared on practical self reliance.  It is featured on: Homestead Blog Hop.