The term “medicinal mushroom” used to draw snickers and knowing glances, but these days science is recognizing legitimate medicinal uses for mushrooms. Reishi mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, and western science is just beginning to explore their many uses.
Medicinal mushrooms such as reishi, chaga, maitake, turkey tail and shiitake contain both water-soluble components, known as polysaccharides, and alcohol-soluble components known as triterpenes. For this reason, medicines made from reishi mushrooms often include a double extraction. This two-step process combines alcohol and water extracts to maximize the medicinal benefits.
Reishi Mushroom Tincture infusing in mason jars.
Benefits of Reishi Mushroom Tincture
Reishi’s water-soluble polysaccharides have been shown to boost immune response, especially in relation to cancer cells. Studies show that “The polysaccharides from G. lucidum are believed to trigger an indirect antitumor mechanism in which the host immune system is altered to target the tumor cells.” Specifically, a type of polysaccharide in reishi mushrooms know as beta-glucans “has the ability to induce both innate and adaptive immune responses…triggering a series of molecular pathways…which in turn, activate the host immune response for immune cell proliferation.”
Reishi’s alcohol-soluble triterpenes go a step further. Science has found that alcohol extracts from reishi mushrooms are “the only known source of a particular group of triterpenes, also known as ganoderic acids, which have been found to have direct cancer cell cytotoxicity on a wide variety of cancer cell lines, such as murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and Meth-A, and many of them have been suggested to counter angiogenesis and metastasis.”
What does all that mean? Water extracts boost your immune system and help your body combat cancer, while alcohol extracts combat cancer directly. Talk about a one-two punch!
Some traditional reishi preparations involve making a decoction by simmering the mushrooms for 2 hours. This preparation misses the benefits of the alcohol-soluble constituents.
Freshly Harvested Hemlock Reishi
As a whole, western science has proven reishi mushroom extracts to be:
- Analgesic
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-bacterial
- Anti-viral
- Anti-oxidant
- Anti-allergenic
- Anti-tumor
Reishi mushrooms have also been shown to reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood sugar and reduce platelet aggregation that results in blood clots. Its effects on blood sugar were significant enough that it has been successfully used in the treatment of diabetes.
The antioxidant activity of compounds found in reishi mushrooms seem to target free radicals responsible for aging, and reishi helped reverse the effects of aging in lab mice. Reishi works to protect and strengthen the liver and has been successfully used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Fresh reishi mushroom, thinly sliced to maximize surface area for tincture making. They can be quite tough to cut, but try to slice them as think as you can.
Disclaimer: I’ve written this article based on my own research and experience, but I am not a medical professional. Please do your own research and/or consult a healthcare professional to be sure a reishi tincture is right for you.
How to Make a Reishi Mushroom Tincture
Ingredients
- Thinly sliced Reishi Mushroom (either purchased dried or wild foraged)
- 80 proof alcohol, such as vodka
- Fresh spring water (or chlorine-free water of any sort)
Equipment
- Mason jar (pint, quart or a half-gallon depending on your batch size)
- Cooking pot
- Filtering equipment: funnel and mesh strainer or cheesecloth
- Tincture bottles for storage
Chopped fresh Reishi Mushrooms infusing in 80 proof alcohol for the first step of a reishi double extraction.
Instructions
Fill a mason jar about halfway with dried reishi mushrooms. Dried mushrooms will expand, and need a bit of extra space. If you’re using fresh reishi mushrooms that you were able to collect yourself, fill the jar 2/3 full.
Cover the mushrooms with 80 proof alcohol, filling the jar to within an inch of the top rim.
Three half gallon mason jars extracting reishi mushrooms in alcohol. It takes about 1 pound of fresh mushrooms to fill a 1/2 gallon mason jar for tincture.
Let the mixture extract for 4 to 6 weeks. Ideally, it should be kept in a cool dark location like a pantry. To maximize extraction, shake the jar as often as you remember (daily would be ideal).
After the alcohol extraction is complete, strain through a fine mesh strainer and set the alcohol aside. Measure how much alcohol extract you had remaining and make a note of it.
Filtering a reishi mushroom tincture through a fine mesh strainer.
Place the strained mushrooms into a pot, and add about a half gallon of water for every 2 cups of mushrooms. Simmer the mushrooms on low for 2 hours, keeping an eye on the water level. Do not let it boil dry.
The water extract should be reduced to about 1/3 the quantity of alcohol extract. For example, if your strained alcohol extract was a total of 24 ounces (3 cups), you’ll want to reduce your water extract to 8 ounces (1 cup).
This 3 to 1 ratio will ensure that your final extract has a high enough alcohol percentage to be shelf stable. Once the water extract has cooled, mix it with the alcohol extract and bottle in an amber tincture bottle.
Store in a cool, dark place. The dosage for reishi tincture is generally 1 full dropper per day, but can vary based on your particular circumstance.
Reminder: I’ve written this article based on my own research and experience, but I am not a medical professional. Please do your own research and/or consult a healthcare professional to be sure a reishi tincture is right for you.
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Hi Ashley!
I was just wondering if the same tincture process would work for shiitake mushrooms?
Thanks!
Yes! To the best of my knowledge, the process is the same for any mushroom tincture.
Thank you for the awesome info, Ashley! I live in VT myself, and recently harvested a bunch of Reishi in St. J (so exciting!). Was wondering if green glass tincture bottles would be sufficient as well? Don’t want to mess anything up when working with this precious medicine!
Thanks!
Wonderful! They’re plentiful right now =) My gut reaction would have been that green glass bottles would be just fine, but I did a bit of google research and it turns out that green glass only provides minimal UV protection. Amber bottles are the best, and cobalt blue bottles are a good second choice. From what I’ve read, green bottles are only colored for decorative reasons and shouldn’t be used with light-sensitive products.
That said, if you’re going to keep the tincture in a dark cabinet that stays closed all the time, it doesn’t much matter how you bottle it.
Hi, am in the middle of boiling the water and reishi. Not that it is written, but I am assuming the mushrooms at this point should be strained also from the water before adding to the alcohol?
Yes, definitely. Strain the mushrooms out of the water, cool the water and then add the water back to the alcohol extract.
Is there a reason to use 80 proof alcohol for the extraction of the triterpenes? Would it not be more efficient to use a much higher proof since 80 proof is 60% water? I’m glad I found your website! It has a lot of valuable information on it.
There is research showing that very high alcohol in the first extraction can damage the water-soluble compounds and that high proof liquor should only be used when extracting tough resins. Some herbalists actually extract the water-soluble portions first to get around this, but then they have to add plain high proof alcohol to the water extract to keep it from spoiling while the mushrooms extract in alcohol. Extracting in a low proof alcohol, then extracting in water is sort of a middle ground solution.
Thank you for sharing useful information, the mushrooms in the picture I see is not mature enough. As the mushroom grows darker and there is no white flecks around the mushroom ears. Should use mushrooms mature, then the mushroom will be in the best state.
That’s true for Ganoderma lucidum but not the eastern hemlock reishi we have here (Ganoderma tsugae). Hemlock reishi has a white edge even when it’s very large. I’ve tried waiting until they get bigger, but if I don’t pick them within 24 hours of seeing them the slugs get them. In a wet climate like Vermont they don’t last long, and you have to pick them while you can.
Yes, mushrooms in nature are very difficult to develop. In my country, the traditional way of cooking mushrooms with water, the way to soak my fungus with wine is very good, I will share this use in our country. Thanks for the author.
Hello, I am very happy to know your blog because I feel very interested in articles about Reishi mushrooms
Dear Tu,
If you like to read about mushroom science and health you might like to know the work of PAUL STAMETS. He is an expert. He has U-Tube presentations. He also produces high quality mushroom products. We could save the ecology of the planet with fungii if only humankind would wake up!
I also am very happy to have found this excellent blog. Thanks Ashley!
Thank you for a wonderfully informative article! I was lucky enough to find some on my walk today and I have a question. How do you clean the mushrooms? Should I just brush off the surface dirt and trim away the blades of grass that the fungi grew around?
Yes, just dust them off and trim out any vegetation. Wetting them in water will degrade them quickly, so don’t actually “wash” them. If you’re making a tincture, they need to be chopped anyway, so just chop off the dirtiest parts if they won’t dust clean.
Thank you!
Hello, From N.H I wonted to ask do you have a printable version about working with the mushroom brew.
? Thank you. You are very good at what you do.
I don’t have a printable version, unfortunately. I’ll look into getting a plugin for the website that converts pages to a printable version though. Glad it was helpful, even if you couldn’t print it…
I have tinctured my mushrooms in high alcohol content grain alcohol. Is it ok to just dilute the alcohol down to 80% before adding the water, or have I already damage the polysaccharides? Thank you. I love your blog!
If a high alcohol was going to damage the constituents, then yes, the damage is done. There’s some debate about that, and I’m not sure that there’s anything conclusive as to whether or not high alcohol really does damage it. It might, but I don’t know that it’s been thoroughly tested. Since it’s done, I wouldn’t worry about it. There are so many medicinal compounds in the reishi, so I wouldn’t worry about a chance that one or two are weakened or removed. The rest will still be there.
To answer the other part, if you’re going to dilute it down, I would dilute it down with more boiled reishi extraction (rather than plain water). Since you used a high alcohol content, it’ll still keep if you use a bit more water extraction in the mix, but you don’t have to. A bit higher alcohol in the finished tincture isn’t a big deal, but it does give you the option of adding more water extraction without it spoiling from being over diluted.
Dear Ashley,
I followed your directions to make the Reishi Mushroom tinctures. And then I stored the tinctures in a cool dark place. After a few weeks I noticed that stuff is growing in the amber tincture bottles. What is it? And should it be there? I have a house with passive solar and sometimes it gets warm. Do you think the Reishi got too warm? Should I store it in my refrigerator? Thanks
Hi Katy,
Good question. I did quite a bit of research to try to answer this one. I haven’t had a reishi tincture spoil myself, but I have had other commercially purchased tinctures grow “mold” or something similar on top above the water level. While I’ve been told by some that tinctures keep indefinitely, and that shouldn’t be possible, I’ve seen it happen myself so I know something must be happening here. In my case, it’s always happened above the top of the tincture on the glass, and I wonder if the moisture condensing above the alcohol on the glass is causing something to grow? Again, these were commercially prepared tinctures, and in theory, they should keep forever, and all my research online says that’s just “not possible.”
In the process of researching this though, I did come across something that was new knowledge to me (and I will update the post above). If you’re using fresh herbs or mushrooms, rather than dried, the moisture level in the mushroom itself can lower the alcohol level, and when you’re adding water into the mix with a double extraction tincture it may incorporate too much water into the mix. The recipe here has you combine two parts alcohol extract with 1 part water extract, which puts you just a few percents above the “safe” line for alcohol preservation in a tincture.
For safety’s sake, I’m going to amend the recipe to be 3 parts alcohol tincture to 1 part water extract for an abundance of caution. That way, whether you’re using fresh or dried mushrooms, the finished tincture should stay well above the minimum alcohol % for preservation. That should just mean cooking down the water a bit further, but still getting the same amount of extracted constituents just in a more concentrated form.
I have been using fresh mushrooms for mine, and I haven’t had issues, but I have a very cold house, so perhaps that’s saved mine from what happened to yours. If yours was made with dried mushrooms, then I’m out of ideas and it’s in the same boat as my commercially prepared tincture that molded when it shouldn’t have been possible.
Hi Ashely,
I just made my first reishi tincture, although I let my alcohol tincture set for about 12 weeks before straining it. Is that too long? The tincture smells strongly of drinking alcohol and I did use a little more water to dilute it in my second reishi/water boiling extraction. So it is about 2 parts reishi alcohol/tincture and 2 parts reishi water/tincture. In my second extraction, I let the water/mushroom mixture boil for about 2 hours and then let it set overnight with the mushrooms before straining it and reboiling it again with only liquid. Then, I mixed it with the alcohol tincture. However, the smell is still very strong. Do you have suggestions for reducing the strong alcohol smell and do you think this tincture will have medicinal properties since it has 2 parts water and 2 parts alcohol? Thank you!
The extra time should be completely fine, and we often forget about ours for months. What proof of alcohol did you use? Did you pick something with a harsh taste? If you started with something really strong or really harsh to begin with, that will come out in the final product. I tend to use a mid-shelf vodka like Smirnoff and it has a very neutral taste in the finished tincture.
Most tinctures have a strong alcohol smell and taste, largely because that’s what they are. This one, since it’s a double extraction and you’re mixing in water, should actually have a lower alcohol content than most and thus less alcohol taste. It does have a strong flavor though, and reishi mushrooms do not have a particularly pleasant taste.
The only thing to be careful of is look at the original proof on the alcohol you used and make sure that your final tincture will have a 30% alcohol content once you’ve added the water extract. If it doesn’t add more alcohol to make sure it’ll keep without spoiling. Given the taste you mention, that likely isn’t a problem, but that’s the main thing to watch for in this tincture.
Thanks for your reply Ashley! I used 80 proof Vodka, I don’t recall the brand. I wasn’t sure if the final product was suppose to have a strong alcohol smell, but glad to know that this is normal.
Hello you are interested in medicinal mushrooms, I am looking for a partner to develop and commercialize cordyceps militaris and cordyceps sinesis all wild
Can’t help you with that one, unfortunately.
Can you tell me the amount to be taken each day?
I’m not a medical professional, and the dosage varies based on your situation. That said, most sources I’ve found suggest a dosage of 1 dropper full (roughly 40 drops) per day.
I’ll soon be making more Reishi tincture, and one from lion’s mane, as well. So I wanted to ask you about this:
Breaking the dried mushroom into a powder to increase surface area for extraction sounded like a good idea. When I used a coffee grinder to do so for lion’s mane some months back, what was left after I poured the “medicinized” alcohol into my dropper-bottles was a wet brick of lion’s-mane-mush, with an ethyl-fungal aroma. Do you have any idea what’s left in that? Is it good for weaker medicine, cooking, compost?
I only recently found your blog, and love it! Thank you!
Brendan
Hey Brendan, Good question and honestly I can only guess. I would think that it would still contain weaker medicine, and it might be worth drying it out and putting it into capsules. Even if there’s nothing left, it shouldn’t cause any harm to take them, but if there is medicine still in there it’d be a shame to waste it.
After a double extraction, with weeks in alcohol and then hours of boiling, the mush should be pretty well extracted of everything but fiber, but I don’t know for sure honestly, and there may well be still goodness in there.
Thanks, Ashley, for the inspiration. I’m giving it a try. I’d love to check out your familystead some time. I moved to Poultney in May, where I’m just starting such a stead . . . In the meantime, thrive on!
Nice! Good luck with your move =)