Foraging and Using Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is one of the most useful and widely available herbs you can find.  Once you know how to identify yarrow, you’ll see it everywhere.  The plant has dozens of traditional uses, most of which have been validated by modern medical science.

When I first started my journey as a herbalist in my early teens, I was determined to find yarrow.  Plant life was hard to come by in the desert of southern California, and I rarely identified anything beyond dandelions.  When I moved to the east coast, I felt like I was in a herbal wonderland and yarrow grew along just about every roadside.

I remember telling a friend how excited I was to find it, and clearly, my enthusiasm for the plant really came through.  A few months later for my birthday, I opened up a huge box with a 5lb sack of dried yarrow inside. 

She just looked at me and shrugged, “What dude?  You said you really liked it, right?”  I laughed and then filled up several half-gallon mason jars with yarrow that formed the basis of my herbal concoctions all winter long.

Yarrow Range

Even though I had trouble finding yarrow in the desert in California, it can be found in every state in the US and throughout Europe.  The Mojave desert is one of the few places it’s not found, just my luck. 

In some places, it’s considered an invasive weed, as is just about anything that doesn’t require pampering to thrive.  I’ve hardly found yarrow to be invasive, and many people plant the beautiful perennial in carefree flower beds.

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) range from the USDA plants database. It’s native in every state, as well as introduced from Europe in every state except Alaska. How do they tell the difference? Good question…

Identifying Yarrow   

The trick to identifying yarrow comes from its scientific name: Achillea millefolium.  The species name millefolium means many leaves and describes how the individual leaves are small and feathery.  In Spanish-speaking regions, yarrow is called plumajillo or “little feather” which describes the leaves. 

Achillea in the Latin name comes from Achilles, the ancient Greek hero since the plant is used to stop bleeding, but that’s less helpful with identification.  We’ll get to that part later.

The leaves are generally largest toward the bottom of the stem, and are arranged spirally around the stem.  They’re ever so slightly hairy/fuzzy and have the tendency to stick to things because of it. 

The leaves are the best sure-fire way to identify yarrow.  The flowers are very distinct, but until you’ve seen them close up it’s hard to generate a good mental picture of them. 

Before I’d seen yarrow in person, I went to investigate every roadside patch of Queen Anne’s Lace trying to see if it had feathery leaves.  The thing is, while both plants have white flowers, that’s where the similarity stops. 

Yarrows flowers look almost antique to me, like a delicate timeless beauty.  They’re densely clustered together, and I don’t know what it is about them that makes me think of prim and proper victorian ladies, and they’re a color that the paint manufacturers are fond of calling “antique white.”

Another great way to identify yarrow is by smell.  They have a strong smell that some describe as like chrysanthemums, and others describe as vaguely like cabbage.  There’s actually an old-time dream divination that has you place yarrow under your pillow, saying that you’ll either dream of the one you’re to marry or cabbage. 

Strange way to put it, but either the power of suggestion will work and your mind will conjure up your perfect mate, or it won’t and you’ll just be smelling cabbage all night.  I’ll admit that I tried it once in my teens, and I dreamed neither of cabbage or my true love, so it’s not perfect… 

Queen Anne’s lace, on the other hand, smells distinctly of carrots and you’ll know it if you crush the leaves.

Using Yarrow to Stop Bleeding

While some of yarrow’s common names describe the feathery nature of the leaves such as (milfoil, thousand-leaf, etc), others go right to its uses.  It’s commonly known as herbal militaris or soldier’s woundwort because it was used on battlefields to stop bleeding.  The name Achillea comes from the same reference, as Achilles is said to have used it in the Trojan war. 

I had occasion to test out yarrow on a cut in person, and I can say with certainty that it worked quickly.  At a flint knapping class at Roots School where we were making primitive arrowheads, I managed to knap off a large shard in just the wrong way and it lodged itself in my wrist. 

I looked down to spirting blood, and before I could say a word the person sitting next to me had whipped out a spray bottle of yarrow tincture from a bag at her feet.  She grabbed my wrist, pulled out the shard and sprayed it with yarrow tincture.  I watched as the wound puckered up instantly and the bleeding stopped even before she applied pressure.

I was completely blown away by yarrow’s effectiveness, and now a spray bottle of yarrow tincture is a part of my herbal first aid kit.  I still have a pretty good scar on my wrist as a reminder, so that lesson won’t soon leave me.  If you’re ever going to take a cut to the wrist, do it sitting next to a primitive skills student, you’ll learn a thing or two.

Yarrow Medicinal Uses

While yarrow is perhaps best known for its ability to stop bleeding when used externally, it also has a number of medicinal uses internally.  When used internally, yarrow has broader effects on the circulatory system, lowering blood pressure, treating varicose veins, and as a treatment for thrombosis (blood clots) and menstrual clotting. 

Interesting how it’s known for staunching blood externally, but then it’s used as a treatment for blood clots internally.  Some herbalists call it a circulatory system tonic because it’ll bring the system back into balance.  For that same reason, it’s also used in homemade hemorrhoid creams, along with raspberry leaf and horse chestnut.

Yarrow tea is commonly taken for colds and flu, it can induce sweating and reduce fevers.  According to Backyard Medicine (my favorite go-to quick wild weed guide), “By relaxing the skin, yarrow will open the pores and allow copious sweating and the release of toxins.  Yarrow taken as a tea or as a batch at the beginning of a fever or flu is an excellent way to reduce body temperature.”

Beyond my yarrow tincture spray bottle, I keep dried yarrow on hand for sick time tea.

Other Ways to Use Yarrow

Because of its ability to tone blood vessels, yarrow works as a skin astringent in facial soaps.  You can try this homemade recipe for Wild Rose and Yarrow Soap or this Yarrow and Witch Hazel Soap. 

Both recipes come from the All Natural Soapmaking E-Book Collection, which has quite a few recipes for wild foraged soaps made with backyard weeds.  I’m really enjoying it, and there’s going to be a few homemade wild soaps on my shelf after this summer’s foraging season.

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